# Milestone 3 (Chapter 6 and 7) ## Chapter 6 Cross Compiling Temporary Tools ### 6.2.1. Installation of M4 Prepare M4 for compilation: ``` ./configure --prefix=/usr \ --host=$LFS_TGT \ --build=$(build-aux/config.guess) ``` Compile the package: ``` make ``` Install the package: ``` make DESTDIR=$LFS install ``` #### 6.3.1. Installation of Ncurses First, ensure that **gawk** is found first during configuration: ``` sed -i s/mawk// configure ``` Then, run the following commands to build the “tic” program on the build host: ``` mkdir build pushd build ../configure make -C include make -C progs tic popd ``` Prepare Ncurses for compilation: ``` ./configure --prefix=/usr \ --host=$LFS_TGT \ --build=$(./config.guess) \ --mandir=/usr/share/man \ --with-manpage-format=normal \ --with-shared \ --without-normal \ --with-cxx-shared \ --without-debug \ --without-ada \ --disable-stripping \ --enable-widec ``` Compile the package: ``` make ``` Install the package: ``` make DESTDIR=$LFS TIC_PATH=$(pwd)/build/progs/tic install echo "INPUT(-lncursesw)" > $LFS/usr/lib/libncurses.so ``` ### 6.4.1. Installation of Bash Prepare Bash for compilation: ``` ./configure --prefix=/usr \ --build=$(sh support/config.guess) \ --host=$LFS_TGT \ --without-bash-malloc ``` Compile the package: ``` make ``` Install the package: ``` make DESTDIR=$LFS install ``` Make a link for the programs that use **sh** for a shell: ``` ln -sv bash $LFS/bin/sh ``` ### 6.5.1. Installation of Coreutils Prepare Coreutils for compilation: ``` ./configure --prefix=/usr \ --host=$LFS_TGT \ --build=$(build-aux/config.guess) \ --enable-install-program=hostname \ --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime ``` Compile the package: ``` make ``` Install the package: ``` make DESTDIR=$LFS install ``` Move programs to their final expected locations. Although this is not necessary in this temporary environment, we must do so because some programs hardcode executable locations: ``` mv -v $LFS/usr/bin/chroot $LFS/usr/sbin mkdir -pv $LFS/usr/share/man/man8 mv -v $LFS/usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 $LFS/usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8 sed -i 's/"1"/"8"/' $LFS/usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8 ``` ### 6.6.1. Installation of Diffutils Prepare Diffutils for compilation: ``` ./configure --prefix=/usr --host=$LFS_TGT ``` Compile the package: ``` make ``` Install the package: ``` make DESTDIR=$LFS install ``` ### 6.7.1. Installation of File The **file** command on the build host needs to be the same version as the one we are building in order to create the signature file. Run the following commands to make a temporary copy of the **file** command: ``` mkdir build pushd build ../configure --disable-bzlib \ --disable-libseccomp \ --disable-xzlib \ --disable-zlib make popd ``` Prepare File for compilation: ``` ./configure --prefix=/usr --host=$LFS_TGT --build=$(./config.guess) ``` Compile the package: ``` make FILE_COMPILE=$(pwd)/build/src/file ``` Install the package: ``` make DESTDIR=$LFS install ``` Remove the libtool archive file because it is harmful for cross compilation: ``` rm -v $LFS/usr/lib/libmagic.la ``` ### 6.8.1. Installation of Findutils Prepare Findutils for compilation: ``` ./configure --prefix=/usr \ --localstatedir=/var/lib/locate \ --host=$LFS_TGT \ --build=$(build-aux/config.guess) ``` Compile the package: ``` make ``` Install the package: ``` make DESTDIR=$LFS install ``` ### 6.9.1. Installation of Gawk First, ensure some unneeded files are not installed: ``` sed -i 's/extras//' Makefile.in ``` Prepare Gawk for compilation: ``` ./configure --prefix=/usr \ --host=$LFS_TGT \ --build=$(build-aux/config.guess) ``` Compile the package: ``` make ``` Install the package: ``` make DESTDIR=$LFS install ``` ### 6.10.1. Installation of Grep Prepare Grep for compilation: ``` ./configure --prefix=/usr \ --host=$LFS_TGT ``` Compile the package: ``` make ``` Install the package: ``` make DESTDIR=$LFS install ``` ### 6.11.1. Installation of Gzip Prepare Gzip for compilation: ``` ./configure --prefix=/usr --host=$LFS_TGT ``` Compile the package: ``` make ``` Install the package: ``` make DESTDIR=$LFS install ``` ### 6.12.1. Installation of Make First, fix an issue identified upstream: ``` sed -e '/ifdef SIGPIPE/,+2 d' \ -e '/undef FATAL_SIG/i FATAL_SIG (SIGPIPE);' \ -i src/main.c ``` Prepare Make for compilation: ``` ./configure --prefix=/usr \ --without-guile \ --host=$LFS_TGT \ --build=$(build-aux/config.guess) ``` Compile the package: ``` make ``` Install the package: ``` make DESTDIR=$LFS install ``` ### 6.13.1. Installation of Patch Prepare Patch for compilation: ``` ./configure --prefix=/usr \ --host=$LFS_TGT \ --build=$(build-aux/config.guess) ``` Compile the package: ``` make ``` Install the package: ``` make DESTDIR=$LFS install ``` ### 6.14.1. Installation of Sed Prepare Sed for compilation: ``` ./configure --prefix=/usr \ --host=$LFS_TGT ``` Compile the package: ``` make ``` Install the package: ``` make DESTDIR=$LFS install ``` ### 6.15.1. Installation of Tar Prepare Tar for compilation: ``` ./configure --prefix=/usr \ --host=$LFS_TGT \ --build=$(build-aux/config.guess) ``` Compile the package: ``` make ``` Install the package: ``` make DESTDIR=$LFS install ``` ### 6.16.1. Installation of Xz Prepare Xz for compilation: ``` ./configure --prefix=/usr \ --host=$LFS_TGT \ --build=$(build-aux/config.guess) \ --disable-static \ --docdir=/usr/share/doc/xz-5.2.7 ``` Compile the package: ``` make ``` Install the package: ``` make DESTDIR=$LFS install ``` Remove the libtool archive file because it is harmful for cross compilation: ``` rm -v $LFS/usr/lib/liblzma.la ``` ### 6.17. Binutils-2.39 - Pass 2 Delete contents of the build folder ``` cd build/ rm -rf ./* ``` Prepare Binutils for compilation: ``` ../configure \ --prefix=/usr \ --build=$(../config.guess) \ --host=$LFS_TGT \ --disable-nls \ --enable-shared \ --enable-gprofng=no \ --disable-werror \ --enable-64-bit-bfd ``` Compile the package: ``` make ``` Install the package: ``` make DESTDIR=$LFS install ``` Remove the libtool archive files because they are harmful for cross compilation, and remove unnecessary static libraries: ``` rm -v $LFS/usr/lib/lib{bfd,ctf,ctf-nobfd,opcodes}.{a,la} ``` ### 6.18. GCC-12.2.0 - Pass 2 Delete contents of the build folder ``` rm -rf gcc-12.2.0 tar xf gcc-12.2.0.tar.xz ``` As in the first build of GCC, the GMP, MPFR, and MPC packages are required. Unpack the tarballs and move them into the required directories: ``` tar -xf ../mpfr-4.1.0.tar.xz mv -v mpfr-4.1.0 mpfr tar -xf ../gmp-6.2.1.tar.xz mv -v gmp-6.2.1 gmp tar -xf ../mpc-1.2.1.tar.gz mv -v mpc-1.2.1 mpc ``` If building on x86\_64, change the default directory name for 64-bit libraries to “lib”: ``` case $(uname -m) in x86_64) sed -e '/m64=/s/lib64/lib/' -i.orig gcc/config/i386/t-linux64 ;; esac ``` Override the building rule of libgcc and libstdc++ headers, to allow building these libraries with POSIX threads support: ``` sed '/thread_header =/s/@.*@/gthr-posix.h/' \ -i libgcc/Makefile.in libstdc++-v3/include/Makefile.in ``` Create a separate build directory again: ``` mkdir -v build cd build ``` Now prepare GCC for compilation: ``` ../configure \ --build=$(../config.guess) \ --host=$LFS_TGT \ --target=$LFS_TGT \ LDFLAGS_FOR_TARGET=-L$PWD/$LFS_TGT/libgcc \ --prefix=/usr \ --with-build-sysroot=$LFS \ --enable-default-pie \ --enable-default-ssp \ --disable-nls \ --disable-multilib \ --disable-decimal-float \ --disable-libatomic \ --disable-libgomp \ --disable-libquadmath \ --disable-libssp \ --disable-libvtv \ --enable-languages=c,c++ ``` Compile the package: ``` make ``` Install the package: ``` make DESTDIR=$LFS install ``` As a finishing touch, create a utility symlink. Many programs and scripts run **cc** instead of **gcc**, which is used to keep programs generic and therefore usable on all kinds of UNIX systems where the GNU C compiler is not always installed. Running **cc** leaves the system administrator free to decide which C compiler to install: ``` ln -sv gcc $LFS/usr/bin/cc ``` ## Chapter 7 Entering Chroot and Building Additional Temporary Tools ### 7.2. Changing Ownership ``` chown -R root:root $LFS/{usr,lib,var,etc,bin,sbin,tools} case $(uname -m) in x86_64) chown -R root:root $LFS/lib64 ;; esac ```

ls -l $LFS

### 7.3. Preparing Virtual Kernel File Systems creating directories onto which the file systems will be mounted ``` mkdir -pv $LFS/{dev,proc,sys,run} ``` #### 7.3.1. Mounting and Populating /dev ``` mount -v --bind /dev $LFS/dev ``` #### 7.3.2. Mounting Virtual Kernel File Systems Now mount the remaining virtual kernel filesystems: ``` mount -v --bind /dev/pts $LFS/dev/pts mount -vt proc proc $LFS/proc mount -vt sysfs sysfs $LFS/sys mount -vt tmpfs tmpfs $LFS/run ``` In some host systems, `/dev/shm` is a symbolic link to `/run/shm`. The /run tmpfs was mounted above so in this case only a directory needs to be created. ``` if [ -h $LFS/dev/shm ]; then mkdir -pv $LFS/$(readlink $LFS/dev/shm) fi ``` ## 7.4. Entering the Chroot Environment ``` chroot "$LFS" /usr/bin/env -i \ HOME=/root \ TERM="$TERM" \ PS1='(lfs chroot) \u:\w\$ ' \ PATH=/usr/bin:/usr/sbin \ /bin/bash --login ```

Chroot Environment

## 7.5. Creating Directories Create some root-level directories that are not in the limited set required in the previous chapters by issuing the following command: ``` mkdir -pv /{boot,home,mnt,opt,srv} ``` Create the required set of subdirectories below the root-level by issuing the following commands: ``` mkdir -pv /etc/{opt,sysconfig} mkdir -pv /lib/firmware mkdir -pv /media/{floppy,cdrom} mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}{include,src} mkdir -pv /usr/local/{bin,lib,sbin} mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{color,dict,doc,info,locale,man} mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo} mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1..8} mkdir -pv /var/{cache,local,log,mail,opt,spool} mkdir -pv /var/lib/{color,misc,locate} ln -sfv /run /var/run ln -sfv /run/lock /var/lock install -dv -m 0750 /root install -dv -m 1777 /tmp /var/tmp ``` ### 7.6. Creating Essential Files and Symlinks ``` ln -sv /proc/self/mounts /etc/mtab ``` Create a basic `/etc/hosts` file to be referenced in some test suites, and in one of Perl's configuration files as well: ``` cat > /etc/hosts << EOF 127.0.0.1 localhost $(hostname) ::1 localhost EOF ``` Create the `/etc/passwd` file by running the following command: ``` cat > /etc/passwd << "EOF" root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash bin:x:1:1:bin:/dev/null:/usr/bin/false daemon:x:6:6:Daemon User:/dev/null:/usr/bin/false messagebus:x:18:18:D-Bus Message Daemon User:/run/dbus:/usr/bin/false uuidd:x:80:80:UUID Generation Daemon User:/dev/null:/usr/bin/false nobody:x:65534:65534:Unprivileged User:/dev/null:/usr/bin/false EOF ``` The actual password for `root` will be set later. Create the `/etc/group` file by running the following command: ``` cat > /etc/group << "EOF" root:x:0: bin:x:1:daemon sys:x:2: kmem:x:3: tape:x:4: tty:x:5: daemon:x:6: floppy:x:7: disk:x:8: lp:x:9: dialout:x:10: audio:x:11: video:x:12: utmp:x:13: usb:x:14: cdrom:x:15: adm:x:16: messagebus:x:18: input:x:24: mail:x:34: kvm:x:61: uuidd:x:80: wheel:x:97: users:x:999: nogroup:x:65534: EOF ``` We add this user here and delete this account at the end of that chapter. ``` echo "tester:x:101:101::/home/tester:/bin/bash" >> /etc/passwd echo "tester:x:101:" >> /etc/group install -o tester -d /home/tester ``` To remove the “I have no name!” prompt, start a new shell. Since the `/etc/passwd` and `/etc/group` files have been created, user name and group name resolution will now work: ``` exec /usr/bin/bash --login ``` The **login**, **agetty**, and **init** programs (and others) use a number of log files to record information such as who was logged into the system and when. ``` touch /var/log/{btmp,lastlog,faillog,wtmp} chgrp -v utmp /var/log/lastlog chmod -v 664 /var/log/lastlog chmod -v 600 /var/log/btmp ``` ### 7.7. Gettext-0.21 #### 7.7.1. Installation of Gettext For our temporary set of tools, we only need to install three programs from Gettext. Prepare Gettext for compilation: ``` ./configure --disable-shared ``` Compile the package: ``` make ``` Install the **msgfmt**, **msgmerge**, and **xgettext** programs: ``` cp -v gettext-tools/src/{msgfmt,msgmerge,xgettext} /usr/bin ``` ### 7.8. Bison-3.8.2 #### 7.8.1. Installation of Bison Prepare Bison for compilation: ``` ./configure --prefix=/usr \ --docdir=/usr/share/doc/bison-3.8.2 ``` Compile the package: ``` make ``` Install the package: ``` make install ``` ### 7.9. Perl-5.36.0 #### 7.9.1. Installation of Perl Prepare Perl for compilation: ``` sh Configure -des \ -Dprefix=/usr \ -Dvendorprefix=/usr \ -Dprivlib=/usr/lib/perl5/5.36/core_perl \ -Darchlib=/usr/lib/perl5/5.36/core_perl \ -Dsitelib=/usr/lib/perl5/5.36/site_perl \ -Dsitearch=/usr/lib/perl5/5.36/site_perl \ -Dvendorlib=/usr/lib/perl5/5.36/vendor_perl \ -Dvendorarch=/usr/lib/perl5/5.36/vendor_perl ``` **The meaning of the new Configure options:** *`-des`* This is a combination of three options: -d uses defaults for all items; -e ensures completion of all tasks; -s silences non-essential output. Compile the package: ``` make ``` Install the package: ``` make install ``` ### 7.10. Python-3.10.6 #### 7.10.1. Installation of Python Prepare Python for compilation: ``` ./configure --prefix=/usr \ --enable-shared \ --without-ensurepip ``` Compile the package: ``` make ``` Install the package: ``` make install ``` ### 7.11. Texinfo-6.8 #### 7.11.1. Installation of Texinfo Prepare Texinfo for compilation: ``` ./configure --prefix=/usr ``` Compile the package: ``` make ``` Install the package: ``` make install ``` ### 7.12. Util-linux-2.38.1 #### 7.12.1. Installation of Util-linux The FHS recommends using the `/var/lib/hwclock` directory instead of the usual `/etc` directory as the location for the `adjtime` file. Create this directory with: ``` mkdir -pv /var/lib/hwclock ``` Prepare Util-linux for compilation: ``` ./configure ADJTIME_PATH=/var/lib/hwclock/adjtime \ --libdir=/usr/lib \ --docdir=/usr/share/doc/util-linux-2.38.1 \ --disable-chfn-chsh \ --disable-login \ --disable-nologin \ --disable-su \ --disable-setpriv \ --disable-runuser \ --disable-pylibmount \ --disable-static \ --without-python \ runstatedir=/run ``` Compile the package: ``` make ``` Install the package: ``` make install ``` ### 7.13. Cleaning up and Saving the Temporary System #### 7.13.1. Cleaning First, remove the currently installed documentation to prevent them from ending up in the final system, and to save about 35 MB: ``` rm -rf /usr/share/{info,man,doc}/* ``` Second, the libtool .la files are only useful when linking with static libraries. ``` find /usr/{lib,libexec} -name \*.la -delete ``` It uses about 1 GB of disk space. ``` rm -rf /tools ``` --- # Agent Instructions: Querying This Documentation If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question. Perform an HTTP GET request on the current page URL with the `ask` query parameter: ``` GET https://paul-gleason.gitbook.io/sys-300-linux-from-scratch/milestones/milestone-3-chapter-6-and-7.md?ask= ``` The question should be specific, self-contained, and written in natural language. The response will contain a direct answer to the question and relevant excerpts and sources from the documentation. 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